Introduction - What is AJAX?
AJAX, or Asynchronous JavaScript and XML, is a fancy way to use JavaScript and XML to communicate with a web server without refreshing the web page. You can visit this web page for more information about AJAX; it has a good list of links.
Why use AJAX?
There are a couple of reasons to use AJAX in lieu of the traditional form submission. The first is that it is very light weight: instead of sending all of the form information to the server and getting all of the rendered HTML back, simply send the data the server needs to process and get back only what the client needs to process. Light weight means fast. The second reason to use AJAX is because (as the logo in the link above makes clear) AJAX is cool.
Using AJAX with ASP.NET
Even though AJAX is a client side technology that uses JavaScript, the client-server interaction is very important.
Adam Vandenberg has put together a nice JavaScript wrapper for AJAX. His wrapper even does caching, although that will not be discussed here. His wrapper is used in the code examples and project files.